It should be able to effect him as long as he looks at the Blade and Aizen names his Zanpaktou...
The problem is that Aizen should be WAY too slow to do anything before Arthur kills him.
Arthur does have some experience against illusions
Though obviously not on the same level as Aizen. That "breath of life" technique he learned from Benimaru could allow Arthur to avoid looking at Aizen's sword to begin with since he's perfectly capable of fighting with his eyes closed.