Calc All Tomorrows calcs

Several calcs from the weird and fascinating science fiction novella All Tomorrows.

1. The destruction of Phobos

Such a conflict caused horrendous destruction on both sides. Phobos, one of Mars’ moons, was shattered, and rained down as meteorite hail. Earth received a polar impact that killed of one third of its population.

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During the Mars-Earth War, Phobos is shattered and rains down upon Mars as a hail of meteors. Phobos has a volume of 5729km^3 (or 5.729e+12m^3). We'll go with a low end of fragmentation (8000000 joules/m^3) and a high end of violent fragmentation (69000000 joules/m^3).

(Low end)
E = 5.729e+12 X 8000000
= 4.5832e19 joules
= 10.954110898661568285 gigatons

(High end)
E = 5.729e+12 X 69000000
= 3.95301e20 joules
= 94.479206500956010473 gigatons

2. Flyers race with sound

Not that the flyers were going to reclaim their sentience right away. Instead, they literally exploded into skies, filling the heavens with anything from bomber-sized sailors to impossibly fast predators that raced with sound. Their world was pristine and there were plenty of niches to play in. Intelligence could wait a little more.

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Certain Flyers can race with sound. Pretty easy. The speed of sound is mach 1. Next calc!

3. The Qu subjegate the galaxy

To them humanity, with all of its relative glories, was nothing more than a transmutable subject. Within less than a thousand years, every human world was destroyed, depopulated or even worse; changed. Despite the fervent rearmament, the colonies could achieve nothing against its billion-year-old foes, save for a few flashes of ephemeral resistance.

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The Qu are able to wipe out (or do worse) the Star People in less than a thousand years. We know that the Star People were able to take over their entire spiral arm of the galaxy at least.

Even then, however, the remaining half was enough to fill Humanity’s own spiral arm of the galaxy.

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The spiral arm which contains the Earth, the Orion Arm, is 3500 lightyears wide and 10000 lightyear long. We'll use those for our low end and our high end respectively.

T = 60 X 60 X 24 X 365 X 1000
= 31536000000s

(Low end)
T = 3500LY/31536000000s
= 1.04996986e9/299792458
= 3.50232246 C

(High end)
T = 10000LY/31536000000s
= 2.99991388e9/299792458
= 10.0066356 C

4. Gravital attack

The great dyings, all of which occurred in a relatively quick, ten-thousand year period, stretched the boundaries of genocide and horror. Almost all of the new human species; unique beings who had endured mass extinctions, navigated evolutionary knifeedges and survived to build worlds of their own, vanished without a trace.

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The Gravital wipe out almost all the human species in the span of 10000 years. Once again we'll use the low ends and high ends above (as these races who were once the Star People didn't move too far from their home planets, so couldn't have taken over the rest of the galaxy).

T = 60 X 60 X 24 X 365 X 10000
= 315360000000s

(Low end)
T = 3500LY/315360000000s
= 104996986/299792458 X 100
= 35.0232246% C

(High end)
T = 10000LY/315360000000s
= 299991388/299792458
= 1.00066356 C

Final Results
Phobos is destroyed (low end) = 10.954 gigatons
Phobos is destroyed (high end) = 94.479 gigatons
Flyers race with sound = Mach 1
Qu invasion of the Galactic Empire (low end) = 3.502 C
Qu invasion of the Galactic Empire (high end) = 10.007 C
Gravital invasion (low end) = 35.023% C
Gravital invasion (high end) = 1.001 C