Finally got to the sex part of the book and once again I was not disappointed. Reticulitermes speratus is the most common termite in Japan. To date, we have collected more than 1,000 nests in the field to obtain reproductives from a sufficient number of natural colonies. We successfully found the royal chambers, where reproductives and young broods were protected, of 47 colonies (updated data after Matsuura et al. 2009). In nearly all cases, primary kings were continuously present (Fig. 10.5a), but primary queens had been replaced by an average of 64.4±16.1 secondary queens (Fig. 10.5b). The largest colony had 676 secondary queens but had only a single primary king (Matsuura et al. unpublished data; Fig. 10.6). This is a new record of the largest harem in nature since it exceeds the largest harem size (up to 250 females) in elephant seals (Modig 1996). These results indicate that primary kings live much longer than primary queens; replacement of the primary king is rare, whereas...