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Singer (and likely his race in general) refer to photoids as 'mass dots,' (and is able to take a hold of one himself, at least via a force field feeler like he did with the dualpoint-vector foil, which should tell us the size of photoids). He also makes reference to an 'abyss whale.' Is this creature is real, mythical or outright made up we may never know.

Singer refers to intelligent lifeforms as 'low-entropy entities.'

Singer, a mysterious intelligent lifeform who lives somewhere in the Orion Arm of the Milky Way (and sent the dualpoint-vector foil to 'clense' the Solar System) looks after some kind of super computer called the main core, which picks up messeges all across space from various mediums (long membrane, light membrane, medium membrane, and perhaps one day short membrane). The Elder of Singer's race can read Singer's mind and riffle through his thoughts and memories. Singer's race is engaged in a cataclysmic war with a place called the fringe world (which seems to have split off from the home world long ago).

All universes (great and mini) exist with in the supermembrane. It's not possible for the mini-universe (at the very least, the mini-universe they're residing in) to transmit to the great universe, but it is possible for the great universe to transmit messeges across the supermembrane to other universes. However, the energy for this is unfathomably vast, requiring a Milky' Ways worth of mass-energy. This all being said though, there are messeges and transmissions from other great universes on the supermembrane (some natural phenomena, others messeges from unknowable intelligent beings). The Returners send a messege to all the mini-universes from their own great universe, which contains over 1,570,000 languages, including the languages of Earth and Trisolaris, calling everyone to come back to save the future of the next universe. The messege sent out by the Returners. (From Death's End)

As of 2687 (in the Galaxy Era), the Trisolarans have developed the ability to create mini-universes that exist outside the great universe (the great universe being the main massive universe). Universe 647 is the world which Cheng Xing and Guan Yifan come to live in, which is just under a kilometer wide. This universe loops on itself, so when you reach the other side (which you can do just by walking, you will automatically go to the other edge of this tiny universe and start all over. These mini-universes exist outside the flow of time of the great universe, and have their own timeline. Time in the great universe passes much more rapidly, to the point that Cheng Xin and Guan Yifan would be able to see the Big Crunch and the new universe after the following Big Bang. However, there is a potential grave consequence to this; if matter is removed from the great universe to fill the mini-universes (of which the Trisolarans alone made hundreds, and many other races made many more)...

The descendants of those (and those themselves) who were on the Gravity and the Blue Space have gone on to settle four other worlds, very originally named World I, World II, World III and World IV (it's also impolite to ask someone where their homeworld is). Of these worlds, World III is in a self-imposed exile within a black dominion slowed lightspeed zone.

In the Bunker Era, humanity can execute someone by vaporizing them with a laser in one 10,000th of a second.

In the Deterrence Era, humanity possesses antigravity, but the technology requires too great an energy expenditure to be used practically.

Curiously, it's implied that the race of Singer was able to somehow bypass the speed of light, or perhaps even the bounds of time. Singer first notices the Earth and Trisolaris in Year 67 of the Bunker Era... It's also during this time that he throws the Dualpoint-Vector Foil at the Solar System. However, it's in Year 66 of the Bunker Era that an unknown flying spaceship which sends the 2D foil to the Solar System. It's also noted later on that two busy shipping lanes pass through near the star system of DX3906, and this location is close to the Orion Arm of the Milky Way.

Zero-lightspeed regions are black zones in space where the speed of light is zero, and nothing can escape or survive. All elementary particles die within these zones, and anything that falls within them are lost (similar to a blackhole). Zero-lightspeed zones are created when a ship very quickly takes off into lightspeed, with little to no acceleration. Deathlines are usually a product of the Zero-Homers, a race (or races) who seek to reset the Universe by returning it to 0-dimensions and then beyond. However, thankfully, these lightspeed zones eventually turn into regular trails, and the speed of light goes up, but will never be more than a mere few dozen meters per second.

The second Trisolaran Fleet eventually got caught up in a large-scale battle near Taurus, and the resulting wreckage formed a new interstellar dust cloud.

The ultimate revelation of these 2D weapons and the altering of the speed of light is as thus; the laws of the Universe have already been altered before. Originally, during the Edenic Era, the Universe possessed 10 macrodimensions and the speed of light was near-infinite, with light being able to cross from one side of the cosmos to another in a planck instant. However, a cataclysmic war caused the Universe to go from that to 3 macrodimensions (with the other 7 dimensions to be curled up at the quantum level) and the speed of light to be reduced to just under 300,00km a second. This is not even the end, as the speed of light continues to be slowed down, and the dimensions of space continue to be collapsed lower and lower...

Even with all that the surviving humans have seen, of the droplets, photoid strikes, curvature lightspeed engines and dualpoint-vector foil, humanity still cannot comprehend the true nature of full-scale interstellar warfare. The main weapon used in grandscale interstellar or intergalactic wars are the laws of physics themselves, much as the speed of light and spatial dimensions. Examples of lowering the speed of light is to protect a system, to trap an enemy in reduced-lightspeed blackholes, to create a protective wall (some long enough to circle entire galaxies across tens of millions of light years). Eventually, all of these 2D strikes and lowering of the speed of light would cause space to collapse into a lower dimension again, and the universal speed of light is lowered.

The 4th dimension is described as possessing infinitely more depth than the third dimension (as there's often a lot of controversy over the issue of spatial dimensions, make of this what you will). It is possible for 3D beings to enter 4D space, and even to interact with the 4th dimension. The 3D world from the 4D world appears as if everything is folded out, and you can see the interiors of everything (for example, imagine a 3D cube folded into multiple 2D squares). The information is hundreds of millions of times greater than what can be perceived in a mere 3 dimensions. The 4th dimension comes with many dangers, as it's possible to poke someones internal organs (or the interior of important machines), this however can be used to the advantage of those who know how to use the 4th dimension (for example, the people of the Blue Space were able to invade the Gravity without even having to use transport shuttles). The 4th dimension has a direction that doesn't even exist in 3D...

The Ring is a large megastructure which exists in the 4th dimension, and has no shadow in the 3rd dimension (at least not until it collapses into the latter). It has a diameter (as understood in 3 dimensions) of 80km to 100km and a thickness of 20km. After passing on the Rosseta Program (which is used to translate different alien languages, such as the Trisolarans), the AI of the Ring reveals it's chilling nature; it is a tomb, the people who walked its halls long since dead, as it waits for the sea of the 4th dimension to dry up. The 4th dimension is collapsing (or 'drying up'), with the only survivors being those who caused the collapse (or 'drying'). Each dimension has its own Dark Forest.

Within 3D space space are small areas (or relatively small, as each area is still many AUs across) of surviving areas of 4D. This dimension isn't truly lost, as it will curl up with the other higher dimensions in the quantum realm. All higher dimensional matter, however, will be unfolded into the 3rd dimension. Something a mere few tens of grams in 4D space can be unfolded across 10,000s of km in 3D space.

A spaceship with lightspeed curvature engines can warp the very fabric of space itself, and these can range in size from 15 AU to 200 AU. In the wake of these curvature engines, the speed of light itself is slowed, as space itself is being warped. For example, in the Halo's wake, the speed of light in the vaccuum is lowered to 16.7km a second. At the speed of light, a journey of 287 lightyears takes 52 hours (even though outside, 287 years have passed).

Dualpoint-Vector Foil (or 2D foil) is the most terrifying weapon in the known universe. It can collapse objects in the third dimension into the second dimension. It is launched by an entity known as Singer, as using a mass dot (photoid) might leave something behind.. The 2D foil starts to unfold, converting everything that touches it into a 2D plane with no depth. Just as 4D space can unfold into 3D space, 3D space unfolds into 2D space. The escape velocity of the 2D foil is the speed of light, and thus only a curvature lightspeed engine can be used to escape it. The entire Solar System within the Kuiper belt will collapse into the 2nd dimension in 8 to 10 days. Neptune and Saturn are converted to 2 dimensions. The Sun itself unravels into the 2nd dimensional plane, its blazing power affecting the rest of the flattened Solar System with it's power and gravity. After the collapse into the 2D plane, parts of the outermost layers of the solar atmosphere escape the Sun, and...

The circumsolar particle accelerator is a colossal particle accelerator that spans the orbit of Jupiter. However, it's not one physical object, but 3200 coils in space, each a distance of about 1,500,000km from each other. The circumsolar particle accelerator can accelerate a particle to the energy level of the Big Bang (in this case, I believe this means 'the level that individual particles possessed during the Big Bang rather than 'energy equal to the birth of a universe'). Even as such, the energy is tremendous; once a lost freighter passed through the orbit and was instantly vaporized, along with it's several million tons of mineral ore.

In the Halo space city, the soldiers posses rifles which can not only hit a target from 2000km away, but which contain antimatter inside each bullet. The Halo space city used the circumsolar particle accelerator to make this antimatter, and they now posses over 15,000 of these bullets. A single mishap would be enough to destroy the entire Halo space city. A single antimatter bullet is enough to take out an entire warship. What's more, Halo has secret agents in multiple other space cities armed with antimatter bullets. A single one of these antimatter bullets would cause a massive explosion that would instantly tear apart the shell of a space city and incinerate everything within. (From Death's End)