Remembrance of Earth's Past feats, power & lore discussion thread

Stocking Anarchy

Marvelous
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Remembrance of Earth's Past (or Earth's Remembrance) is a trilogy of science fiction novels by Chinese author Cixin Liu (and translated by Ken Liu and Joe Martinsen). The series consists of three books; The Three-Body Problem, The Dark Forest and Death's End, as well as Ball Lightning, a novel which exists in the same universe. Additionally, there is also The Redemption of Time, a story written by Li Jun that originally existed online as fanfiction, but was eventually published by the same publisher of the trilogy with Cixin Liu's permission. The series has been adapted several times, with an animated series and a live-action series from China, a Chinese Minecraft machina adaption and an upcoming Netflix adaption. There has also been a comic adaption by Tencent.

Following the Chinese Cultural Revolution, humanity reveals themselves to the stars, and are discovered by an alien race from Alpha Centauri known as the Trisolarans, named for the three stars in their system that make their lives chaos. Later, in the present, nanotechnology professor Wang Miao is asked to help uncover a string of scientist suicides, which leads him to a virtual reality video game called The Three-Body Problem, and a grand conspiracy which spans lightyears and centuries...
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Stocking Anarchy

Marvelous
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Sophon's are sub-atomic robots that can travel at near-light speeds, designed to hinder humanities scientific and technological developments (so that they don't exceed the Trisolarans before they arrive).
YE: Yes, I meant subatomic particles. Six years ago, in the distant Trisolaran stellar system, Trisolaris accelerated two hydrogen nuclei to near the speed of light and shot them toward the solar system. These two hydrogen nuclei, or protons, arrived at the solar system two years ago, then reached the Earth.
INTERROGATOR: Two protons? They only sent two protons? That’s almost nothing.
YE: (laughs) You also said “almost.” That’s the limit of Trisolaran power. They can only accelerate something as small as a proton to near the speed of light. So over a distance of four light-years, they can only send two protons.
INTERROGATOR: At the macroscopic level, two protons are nothing. Even a single cilium on a bacterium would include several billion protons. What’s the point?
YE: They’re a lock.
INTERROGATOR: A lock? What are they locking?
YE: They are sealing off the progress of human science. Because of the existence of these two protons, humanity will not be able to make any important scientific developments during the four and a half centuries until the arrival of the Trisolaran Fleet. Evans once said that the day of arrival of the two protons was also the day that human science died.
INTERROGATOR: That’s ... too fantastic. How can that be?
YE: I don’t know. I really don’t know. In the eyes of Trisolaran civilization, we’re probably not even primitive savages. We might be
mere bugs.
For instance, by crossing the surface of the Earth many times at the speed of light, the two sophons can each individually control over 10,000 high-energy accelerators simultaneously by human perceptions. Building research centers on other planets in the Solar System is one possible way to counter the sophons, but by then, the Trisolarans could have built even more sophons. Thus, humanity would be bared from accessing the micro-dimensions that exists above 5th dimensional space.
As you know, the sophons move at close to the speed of light. The surface of the Earth is a tiny space for sophons. If sophons patrol around the accelerators on Earth at this speed, then, from the perspective of humans, it is as if they simultaneously exist in all the accelerators and can almost simultaneously create erroneous results in all the accelerators.
“By our calculations, each sophon is capable of controlling more than ten thousand high-energy accelerators. It takes about four to five years for humans to build each of these accelerators, and it seems unlikely that they can be mass produced based on their economy and available resources. Of course, they can increase the distance between the accelerators, for example, by building accelerators on the different planets in their planetary system. That would indeed destroy the multitasking operation of the sophons. But in the time it would take to do that, it would not be difficult for Trisolaris to build ten or more sophons.
“More and more sophons will wander in that planetary system. Added all together, they still won’t add up to the mass of even one- billionth of a bacterium. But they will cause the physicists on Earth to never be able to glimpse the secrets hidden deep in the structure of matter. Humans will never be able to access the micro dimensions, and the ability for them to manipulate matter will be limited to below five dimensions
Originally there where four sophons, with there being two sent to Earth and another two which remained with the Trisolarans, allowing for long distance instant communication via quantum entanglement.
“One last question: Why not send all four of the completed sophons to Earth?”

“Quantum entanglement can work at a distance. Even if four sophonswere placed at opposite ends of the universe, they could still sense each other instantaneously, and the quantum formation between them would still exist. Keeping Sophon Three and Sophon Four here will enable them to receive the information sent back by Sophon One and Sophon Two instantaneously. This gives us a way to monitor the Earth in real time. Also, the sophon formation allows Trisolaris to communicate in real time with the alienated forces within Earth civilization.”
Should a Sophon break when colliding with another charged sub-atomic particle, it will split into several new Sophons, which are all still entangled.
“This gives the sophons an opening. A sophon can take the place of a target particle and accept the collision. Because they’re highly intelligent, they can precisely determine through the quantum sensing formation the paths that the accelerated particles will follow within a very short period of time and move to the appropriate location. Thus, the likelihood that a sophon will be struck will be billions of times greater than the actual target particle. After a sophon is struck, it can deliberately give out wrong and chaotic results. Thus, even if the actual target particleis occasionally struck, Earth physicists will not be able to tell the correct result from the numerous erroneous results.”
“Wouldn’t this destroy the sophon as well?” asked the military consul.
“No. When a sophon is smashed into several pieces, several new sophons are born. And they continue to have secure quantum entanglements between them, just like how, if you break a magnet in half, you would get two magnets. Even though each partial sophon’s capabilities will be much lower than the original, whole sophon, under the direction of the self-healing software, the pieces will move together and reassemble into the original sophon. This process only requires a microsecond and will occur after the collision in the accelerator, and after the pieces of the sophon have left the wrong results in the bubble chamber or on sensitive film.”
 

Stocking Anarchy

Marvelous
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Perhaps what's most impressive about the sophons however is how they're created; a sophon is created from a proton who's interior spatial dimensions (curled up at sub-atomic levels) are unfolded. Usually a proton exists in a mere The further into these quantum microdimensions, the more complex and vast they become (for instance, the complexity of a sub-atomic particle at the 8th dimension is comparable to the Milky Way, at the 9th dimension is equal to that of the whole universe, and there are dimensions beyond that).
The princeps was one of the few who kept calm. He asked the science consul, “How complicated can the internal structure of a subatomic particle be?”
“It depends on the number of dimensions of your observation perspective. From a one-dimensional perspective, it’s only a point— that’s how ordinary people think of the particles. From a two- or three- dimensional perspective, the particle begins to show internal structure.
From a four-dimensional perspective, a fundamental particle is an immense world.”
The princeps said, “To use a word like ‘immense’ to describe a subatomic particle such as a proton seems incredible to me.”
The science consul ignored the princeps and continued, “As we move to higher dimensions, the complexity and number of structures within a particle increase dramatically. The comparisons I’m about to make will not be precise, but should give you an idea of the scale. A particle seen from a seven-dimensional perspective has a complexity comparable to our Trisolaran stellar system in three dimensions. From an eight- dimensional perspective, a particle is a vast presence like the Milky Way. When the perspective has been raised to nine dimensions, a fundamental particle’s internal structures and complexity are equal to the whole universe. As for even higher dimensions, our physicists haven’t been able to explore them, so we cannot yet imagine the degree of complexity.”
It's possible that these tiny higher dimensional worlds harbour unknowable intelligent life, and by going ahead with their plans, they'll destroy these microscopic universes and lifeforms.
The princeps pointed to the giant eyes in space. “Do these show that the microcosmos contained within the unfolded proton harbors intelligent life?”
“Our definition of ‘life’ is probably not appropriate for the high-dimensional microcosmos. More accurately, we can only say that universe contains intelligence or wisdom. Scientists have long predicted this possibility. It would have been odd for such a complex and vast world to not have evolved something akin to intelligence.”
Thus, to unfold a nine-dimensional object into just two-dimensions so that the Trisolarans in the macrocosmic lower dimensions can interact with it requires the proton to expand in size...
“This is a science fantasy that most of us have heard about,” the agricultural consul said. “But can it be realized? I know that physicists can already manipulate nine of the eleven dimensions of the micro-scale world, but we still can’t imagine how they could stick a pair of tiny tweezers into a proton to build large-scale integrated circuits.”
“Of course that’s impossible. The etching of micro-integrated circuits can only occur at the macro scale, and only on a macroscopic two-dimensional plane. Thus, we must unfold a proton into two dimensions.”
“Unfold a nine-dimensional structure into two dimensions? How big would the area be?”
“Very big, as you will see.” The science consul smiled.
The unfolding of the protons begins, and a huge particle accelerator was built in space.
Another sixty thousand Trisolaran hours went by. Twenty thousand Trisolaran hours after the completion of the huge particle accelerator in space, the unfolding of the proton into two dimensions was about to begin in a synchronous orbit around Trisolaris.
Three cubes drift in space around the massive particle accelerator, which act as its fusion generators.
The science consul gave the order to unfold into two dimensions. In space, three cubes drifted around the ring—the fusion generators that powered the accelerator. Their winglike heat sinks gradually began to glow with a dim reddish light. The crowd anxiously stared at the accelerator, but nothing seemed to happen.
This first experiment however, fails, and the proton is instead collapsed into 1-dimension, a line about 1500 light-hours long (over a trillion kilometers in length).
A tenth of a Trisolaran hour later, the science consul held his earpiece to his ear and listened intently. Then he said, “Princeps, unfortunately,
the unfolding failed. We reduced the dimensions by one too many, and the proton became one-dimensional.”
“One-dimensional? A line?”
“Yes. An infinitely thin line. Theoretically, it should be about fifteen hundred light-hours long.”
This one-dimensional string would wrap around Trisolaris, causing light shows and strange threads, as well as great psychological disturbances among the population of the planet (although as it possesses the mass of a single proton, the string cannot bring any physical harm to the people of Trisolaris.
The crowd dispersed in disappointment, but the experiment wasn’t over. Originally, it was thought that the one-dimensional proton would stay in synchronous orbit around Trisolaris forever, but due to friction from solar winds, pieces of the string fell back into the atmosphere. Six Trisolaran hours later, everyone outside noticed the strange lights in the air, gossamer threads that flickered in and out of existence. They soon learned from the news that this was the one-dimensional proton drifting to the ground under the influence of gravity. Even though the string was infinitely thin, it produced a field that could still reflect visible light. It was the first time people had ever seen matter not made out of atoms— the silky strands were merely small portions of a proton.
“These things are so annoying.” The princeps brushed his hand against his face over and over. He and the science consul were standing on the wide steps in front of Government Center. “My face always feels itchy.”
“Princeps, the feeling is purely psychological. All the strings added together have the mass of a single proton, so it’s impossible for them to have any effect on the macroscopic world. They can’t do any harm. It’s as if they don’t exist.”
Eventually, this string will break apart, but fragments of it will always remain in Trisolaris's atmosphere.
Gradually, it broke into tiny pieces, and the light they reflected was no longer visible. People thought they had disappeared, but pieces of the one-dimensional string would drift in the air of Trisolaris forever.
The second experiment begins, but this too is a failure; one proton unfolds in too many dimensions, while another unfolds into three.
Fifty Trisolaran hours later, the second attempt to unfold a proton into two dimensions began. Soon, the crowd on the ground saw something odd. After the heat sinks of the fusion generators began to glow red, several colossal objects appeared near the accelerator. All of them were in the form of regular geometric solids: spheres, tetrahedrons, cubes, cones, and so on. Their surfaces had complex coloration, but close examination showed that they were, in fact, colorless. The surfaces of the geometric solids were completely reflective, and what the people saw were just distorted, reflected images of the surface of Trisolaris.
“Have we succeeded?” the princeps asked. “Is that the proton unfolded into two dimensions?”
The science consul replied, “Princeps, it’s still a failure. I just received the report from the accelerator control center. The unfolding left one too many dimensions in, and the proton was unfolded into three dimensions.”
Various large shapes (with virtually no mass) form in the skies.
The giant, reflective geometric solids continued to pop into existence in great numbers, and their forms became more various. There were tori, solid crosses, and even something that looked like a Möbius strip. All the geometric solids drifted away from the location of the accelerator.
These three dimensional shapes eventually loose their forms and fall apart too, but to the watching Trisolarans, they recognise in horror that these objects are (or contain) eyes. This is relevant to the talks of potential life in these higher-dimensional microworlds.
Out of the mess of three-dimensional objects, a few in particular drew special attention from observers on the ground. At first, it was only because the objects in question were very similar to each other. But upon closer examination, people recognized them, and a wave of terror swept Trisolaris.
They were all eyes! [Of course, we don’t know what Trisolaran eyes look like, but we can be certain that any intelligent life would be very sensitive to representations of eyes.]
The third and final experiment, in which they finally unfold the proton to two dimensions.
People gazed up at the night sky. Initially, there was nothing to see. But soon, they saw a miraculous sight: The heavens separated into two pieces. Between the two, the pattern of the stars did not match, as though two photographs of the sky had been stacked together, with the smaller one overlaid on top of the big one. The Milky Way broke at the border between the two. The smaller portion of the star-studded firmament was circular, and it rapidly expanded against the normal night sky.
The immense mirror that appeared over Trisolaris was the proton being unfolded, a geometric plane without any meaningful depth.
By using electromagnetic beams and the planets gravity, the Trisolarans are able to bend the proton plane around Trisolaris and begin engraving electrical circuits on it.
“Princeps, the proton plane is being bent by our planet’s gravity,” the science consul said. He pointed to the numerous spots of light in the
starry sky. They looked as though people were waving flashlights up at the domed vault. “Those are electromagnetic beams being sent up from the ground to adjust the curvature of the plane under gravity. The goal is to eventually wrap the unfolded proton completely around Trisolaris. Afterwards, the electromagnetic beams will continue to hold up and stabilize this enormous sphere, like so many spokes. Thus, Trisolaris will be the workbench to secure the two-dimensional proton, and the work to etch electronic circuits on the surface of the proton plane can begin.”
Even with success though, trapping and working on the proton plane takes time, and it's total reflective nature causes all sunlight to bounce back into space, and most of the population of Trisolaris to dehydrate.
Bitter cold followed. The completely reflective proton plane deflected all sunlight back into space. The temperature on Trisolaris dropped precipitously, reaching levels comparable to the appearance of three flying stars, which had ruined many cycles of civilization in the past. Most of the population of Trisolaris dehydrated and were stored.
Spaceships engrave electrical circuits on the outside of the proton plane.
Occasionally, a few other tiny, sharp lights could be seen in synchronous orbit: the spaceships etching circuits into the gigantic membrane.
The sophon is both the biggest and smallest AI in the known universe, and can unfold or fold into it's different dimensions on command, shrinking or growing as it does (but retaining the same mass).
The science consul said, “A sophon has been born. We have endowed a proton with wisdom. This is the smallest artificial intelligence that we can make.”
“But right now, it appears as the largest artificial intelligence,” said the princeps.

“As soon as we increase the dimensionality of this proton, it will become very small.”
The science consul entered a query at the terminal:
Sophon One, are the spatial dimensionality controls operational?
Affirmative. Sophon One is capable of initiating spatial dimensionality adjustments
at any moment.
Adjust dimensionality to three.
After this command was issued, the two-dimensional proton membrane that had wrapped itself around Trisolaris began to shrink rapidly, as though a giant’s hand was pulling away a curtain over the world. In a moment, sunlight bathed the ground. The proton folded from two dimensions into three and became a gargantuan sphere in synchronous orbit, about the size of the giant moon. The sophon was over the dark side of the planet, but the sunlight reflected from its mirror surface turned the night into day. The surface of Trisolaris was still extremely cold, so the crowd inside the control center could only observe these changes through a screen.
The sophon shrinks to 4 dimensions, though some of these are not visible to the people watching as the 4th and 5th dimensions exist in the macrocosmos.
Dimensionality adjustment successful. Sophon One is ready to accept commands.
Adjust dimensionality to four.
In space, the gargantuan sphere shrank until it eventually looked to be the size of a flying star. Night again descended over this side of the planet.
“Princeps, the sphere we see now is not the complete sophon. It’s only the projection of the sophon’s body into three-dimensional space. It is, in fact, a giant in four-space, and our world is like a thin, three- dimensional sheet of paper. The giant stands on this sheet of paper, and we can only see the trace where its feet touch the paper.”
The sophon then shrinks as it collapses to 6 dimensions, which is 50cm in radius (or 1m in diameter). It's capable of observing the control centrer, everyone in the control center and all their internal organs. As such, a sophon observing 3D space from 6D space is akin to someone looking at a picture on a 2D plane.
“How big is a six-dimensional proton?” the princeps asked. “About fifty centimeters in radius,” the science consul replied.
Dimensionality adjustment successful. Sophon One is ready to accept commands.
Sophon One, can you see us?
Yes. I can see the control center, everyone inside, and the organs inside everyone,
even the organs inside your organs.
“What is it saying?” The princeps was stunned.
A sophon observing three-space from six-space is akin to us looking at a picture on a two-dimensional plane. Of course it can see inside us.”
The sophon can in a way, enter any enclosed space in the 3D world, just as someone can enter a circle on a 2D plane by coming in from above.
“Can it go through the ground?” the princeps asked.
“It’s not exactly going ‘through.’ Rather, it’s entering from a higher dimension. It can enter any enclosed space within our world. This is again similar to the relationship between us, existing in three-space, and a two-dimensional plane. We can easily enter any circle drawn on the plane by coming in from above. But no two-dimensional creature on the plane can do such a thing without breaking the circle.”
(All of the above is from The Three-Body Problem)
 

Stocking Anarchy

Marvelous
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More talk on tiny universes and the potential intelligent life within the microcosmic world, as well as how many of these worlds may have been destroyed already by experiments and natural events both in the sub-atomic realm and the macrocosmic lower dimensional universes.
Afterwards, the princeps asked the science consul, “Did we destroy acivilization in the microcosmos in this experiment?”
“It was at least an intelligent body. Also, Princeps, we destroyed theentire microcosmos. That miniature universe is immense in higher dimensions, and it probably contained more than one intelligence or civilization that never had a chance to express themselves in macro space. Of course, in higher dimensional space at such micro scales, the form that intelligence or civilization may take is beyond our imagination.They’re something else entirely. And such destruction has probably occurred many times before.”
“Oh?”
“In the long history of scientific progress, how many protons have been smashed apart in accelerators by physicists? How many neutrons and electrons? Probably no fewer than a hundred million. Every collision was probably the end of the civilizations and intelligences in a microcosmos. In fact, even in nature, the destruction of universes mustbe happening at every second—for example, through the decay of neutrons. Also, a high-energy cosmic ray entering the atmosphere may destroy thousands of such miniature universes.... You’re not feeling sentimental because of this, are you?”
 

Stocking Anarchy

Marvelous
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More in relation to the intelligent higher-dimensional life from the sub-atomic quantum realm. Several of the failed unfolded protons gather and merge onto one spot, forming a parabolic mirror that reflects the sunlight into a single spot of seering heat and blinding light, which creates pillars of fire and tornadoes. Perhaps more sinisterly though, the eye is searching for a target, and once it discovers the capital of Trisolaris, it moves it's gaze towards it and increases the concentrated sunbeams intensity...
People noticed the eyes moved faster than the other solids filling the sky, and they were gathering into one spot. Soon, two eyes met and merged into one bigger eye. More and more eyes joined this big eye, and its volume grew. Finally, all the eyes melded into one. It was so large that it seemed to represent the gaze of the universe upon Trisolaris. The iris was clear and bright, and at the center was the image of a sun. Over the broad surface of the eyeball, various colors cascaded in a flood. Soon, the details over the giant eye faded and gradually disappeared, until it became a pupil-less blind eye. Then it began to deform until it finally lost the shape of an eye and became a perfect circle. When the circle began to slowly rotate, people realized that it was not flat, but parabolic, like a slice cut from a giant sphere.
As the military consul stared at the slowly spinning colossal object in space, he suddenly understood and shouted, “Princeps and others, please go into the underground bunker right away.” He pointed upward. “That is —”
“A parabolic mirror,” the princeps said calmly. “Direct the space defense forces to destroy it. We will stay right here.”
The parabolic mirror focused the sun’s beams onto the surface of Trisolaris. Initially, the spot of light was very large, and the heat at the focal point wasn’t yet lethal. This spot moved across the ground, searching for its target. The mirror discovered the capital, the largest city of Trisolaris, and the light spot began to move toward it. Soon, the beam was over the city.
Those standing under the Pendulum Monument only saw a great brightness in space. It overwhelmed everything else, accompanied by a wave of extreme heat. Then the light spot over the capital shrank as the parabolic mirror began to focus the light more tightly. The brightness from space grew stronger until no one could lift up his head, and those standing within the spot felt the temperature rise rapidly. Just as the heat became unbearable, the edge of the light spot swept past the Pendulum

Monument and everything dimmed. It took a while before the crowd’s sight readjusted to normal light.
When they looked up, the first sight that greeted them was a pillar of light between the sky and earth, shaped like an inverted cone. The mirror in space formed the base of the cone, and the tip stabbed into the heart of the capital, turning everything there incandescent at once. Waves of smoke began to rise. Tornadoes caused by the uneven heat of the light cone formed several other pillars made of dust that connected to the sky, twisting and dancing around the light cone....
The giant parabolic mirror falls apart after being hit by several nukes from the Trisolaran defense corps, and all intelligence leaves the extra-dimensional structure...
Several brilliant fireballs appeared in different parts of the mirror, their blue color distinct from the light reflected from the mirror. These were the exploding nuclear warheads launched by the Trisolaran space defense corps. Because the explosions were happening outside the atmosphere, there was no sound. By the time the fireballs disappeared, several large holes appeared in the mirror, and then the entire surface of the mirror began to tear and crack, until it had broken into more than a dozen pieces.
The deadly light cone disappeared and the world returned to a normal level of illumination. For a moment, the sky was as dim as a moonlit night. Those broken pieces of the mirror, now devoid of intelligence, continued to deform and soon could not be distinguished from the other geometric solids in space.
 

Stocking Anarchy

Marvelous
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The Trisolaran Fleet can reach a maximum velocity of 10% the speed of light.
“The Trisolaran Interstellar Fleet. It’s about to begin its expedition.”
“Trisolaran civilization has already achieved the capacity forinterstellar flight?”
“Yes. All those magnificent ships can reach one-tenth the speed of light.”
“That is a great accomplishment, as far as I understand it, but it still seems too slow for interstellar flight.”
“The journey of a thousand miles begins with the first step. The key is finding the right target.”
“What’s the fleet’s destination?”
“A star with planets about four light-years away—the closest star to the Trisolaran system.”
Wang was surprised. “The closest star to us is also about four lightyears away.”
“You?”
“The Earth.”
However, they can only temporarily maintain these velocities, as they must then slow down and decelerate to enter the Solar System, and on average cruise at 1% the speed of light. The Trisolaran ships are also powered by matter and anti-matter annihilation, which they gather from space as they cruise through the vaccuum.
INTERROGATOR: One last question, and also the most important: Until now, has Trisolaris sent only radio waves to the Earth?
YE: Almost true.
INTERROGATOR: Almost?
YE: The current Trisolaran civilization is capable of space travel at one-tenth the speed of light. This technology leap occurred a few decades ago in Earth years. Before that point, their maximum speed had hovered around one-thousandth the speed of light. The tiny probes that they sent to the Earth have not even completed one-hundredth of the journey between there and here.
INTERROGATOR: Then I have a question. If the Trisolaran Fleet that had been launched is capable of flight at one-tenth the speed of light, it should take only forty years to reach the solar system. So why do you say that it would take more than four hundred years?
YE: Here’s the thing. The Trisolaran Interstellar Fleet is composed of incredibly massive spaceships. Accelerating them is a slow process. One-tenth the speed of light is only their maximum speed, but they cannot cruise at this speed for long before decelerating as they approach the Earth. Also, the source of propulsion for the Trisolaran ships is matter-antimatter annihilation. In front of each ship is a large magnetic field shaped like a funnel to collect antimatter particles from space. This collection process is slow, and only after a long wait can it gather enough antimatter to allow the ship to accelerate for a brief period. Thus, the fleet’s acceleration occurs in spurts, interspersed by long periods of coasting to collect fuel. This is why the time it takes the Trisolaran Fleet to reach the solar system is ten times longer than the flight time of a small probe.
“Princeps, given the frequency of the transmission, even the direction of the source cannot be ascertained with great accuracy. The fleet is only capable of cruising at one-hundredth the speed of light. Also, it only has enough power in reserve to perform one deceleration, making it impossible to conduct a wide-area search in that direction. If the distance to the target is unclear, the fleet will ultimately fall into the abyss of space.”
(From The Three-Body Problem)

The Trisolaran Fleet moving through space at incredible speeds (a hundred times third cosmic velocity) parts an interstellar dust cloud, leaving a wake in the cloud twice the diameter of Jupiter (240,000km).
“Any opinions on the effect of high-speed impact?”
“The wake diffuses along the impact axis, but the diffusion scope ... Do we have a model of that?”
“Yes. One moment.... Here it is. Impact speed?”
“A hundred times third cosmic velocity.”
“Is it already that high?”
“That’s a conservative figure.... For the impact cross section, use ...
Right, that’s right. That’s just about it. Just a rough estimate.”
With the experts busy, Ringier stood next to Fitzroy. “General, can you try your best to count the bristles in the brush?”
The general nodded, and then bent over a terminal and began counting.
The computer needed four or five minutes to complete every calculation, but there were a number of errors, so it was half an hour before the results were ready.
“The wake diffuses the dust to a maximum diameter of two hundred forty thousand kilometers, or twice the size of Jupiter,” the astronomer running the mathematical model said.
At last Ringier remembered Fitzroy. “General, let me explain. The three stars are surrounded by interstellar dust. Previously, a number of bodies moving at high speed crossed that dust, and their high-speed impact with the dust left behind a wake. The wake continued to expand and has now reached a diameter twice that of the planet Jupiter. There are only subtle differences between the wake and the surrounding dust, so they are undetectable at close range. Only here, four light-years away, are they observable.”
“I’ve counted the bristles. There are about a thousand,” General Fitzroy said.
“Of course. That number confirms our intelligence reports. General, we’re looking at the Trisolaran Fleet.”
(From The Dark Forest)
 

Stocking Anarchy

Marvelous
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The Natural Selection is the most powerful ship in the Asian Fleet of the SFJC (Solar Fleet Joint Conference); like other ships in the SFJC, it can accelerate to a maximum speed of 15% the speed of light, and it's gamma-ray lasers, railguns, high-energy particle beams and stellar torpedoes can obliterate the surface of an Earth-sized planet.
Natural Selection was the flagship of the third squadron of the Asian Fleet, and in gross tonnage and performance it was second to none. Possessing the latest non-media fusion propulsion system, at full thrust it could accelerate to 15 percent of the speed of light, and its impeccable internal ecological systems could sustain a long-term voyage. In fact, an experimental version of this system was first put into use on the moon seventy-five years ago and had not yet exhibited any major defects or faults. Natural Selection’s weapons were the most powerful in the fleet, too. Its gamma-ray lasers, railguns, high-energy particle beams, and stellar torpedoes made up a four-way weapons system that could obliterate the surface of an Earth-sized planet.
SFJC ships in general can reach speeds of 15% the speed of light.
“Our spacecraft are incredibly powerful. Far more powerful than Trisolaran ships!”
“How is that possible?”
“Why wouldn’t it be? Put the superweapons aside and look purely at speed. They can reach fifteen percent of the speed of light! Tons faster than the Trisolarans!”
On top of being able to reach 15% the speed of light, the ships of the SFJC have many powerful weapons. A ship in the Asian fleet used a laser to vaporize half of a target ship the size of a carrier (aircraft carrier?). There are also railguns which fire iron spheres the size of footballs at tens of kilometers a second, and sustained firing from these railguns can level a mountain on Mars in just a few minutes.
“And the spacecraft that can reach fifteen percent of light speed?”
“Well, that’s true. When those warships mobilize, it’s like a tiny sun in the sky. And their space weapons—the day before yesterday I saw a newsreport on TV about an Asian Fleet exercise. A laser cannon swept a targetship as big as a carrier. Half of that iron guy evaporated like a chunk of ice, and the other half exploded like fireworks in a shower of sparkling molten steel. And there are railguns that can fire a hundred iron spheres a second, each the size of a football, at tens of kilometers per second. In a few minutes they can flatten a mountain on Mars.... So even though there isn’t any of your perpetual motion, with these technologies, humanity is more than capable of putting down the Trisolaran Fleet.”
(All of the above is from The Dark Forest)
 

Stocking Anarchy

Marvelous
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The first stellar hydrogen bomb has a yield of 350 megatons.
The giant breakthrough in computing technology meant that computers were at last capable of handling the theoretical stellar model ofa nuclear explosion developed over the past decade, and the manufacture of large-yield stellar hydrogen bombs could begin forthwith. The projected yield of the first bomb was the equivalent of 350 megatons of TNT, or seven times more powerful than the largest hydrogen bomb ever manufactured by humanity.
“Sure,” Rey Diaz said with a nod, “but the real reason you invested so heavily in my plan is because you wanted to get your hands on the stellar hydrogen bombs.”
“Ridiculous! What would we do with them?” The US representative shot back. “They’re incredibly inefficient weapons in a space battle, and on the Earth, there’s no practical significance even for those old twenty megaton hydrogen bombs, much less a three-hundred-megaton monster.”
The effects of this bomb exploding; a mountain of dirt and rocks around 3000m (3km) tall rises up and explodes, sending billions of tons of mud and rock flying. Such was the force of the explosion that many tons of debris was launched out into space, some passing into the orbit of Mercury to give it a faint ring, while more became a very thin belt around the Sun.
The test was carried out at dawn. Sunrise on Mercury was a process that took over ten hours, and a faint light had just appeared on the horizon. When the detonation countdown reached zero, rings of ripples centered on ground zero spread outward, and the ground on Mercury seemed momentarily to become soft as satin. Then, at the blast site, a mountain slowly rose like the back of a waking giant. When the peak had risen to around three thousand meters, the entire mountain exploded, sending billions of tons of mud and rock flying into the air in a towering display of rage by the ground toward the sky. And alongside the surging ground came the radiant light of the underground nuclear fireball, which shone on the rock and earth flying through the air to cause a grand spectacle of fireworks in the black Mercury sky. The fireball lasted for five minutes, as chunks of rock fell to the ground amid a nuclear glow, before it went out.
Ten hours after the conclusion of the blast, observers noticed that a ring had appeared around Mercury. This was due to the considerable amount of rock that had achieved cosmic velocity in the violent explosion and had turned into myriad satellites of various sizes. They spread out evenly in orbit, making Mercury the first ringed terrestrial planet. The ring was thin, and as it sparkled in the harsh light of the sun, it looked almost like someone had taken a highlighter to the planet.
Another proportion of the rocks achieved escape velocity and left Mercury behind entirely, becoming satellites of the sun in their own right and forming an extremely sparse asteroid belt in Mercury’s orbit.
This was developed 200 years before the SFJC space force we see, so it's possible that the stellar hydrogen bombs of that era are even more powerful.
 

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The ETO posses mini-nukes which have a yield of 1.5 kilotons each.
The young woman raised the bright metal sphere before her with both hands, as though she were getting ready to start a gymnastics routine. Smiling, she said, “Officers, we hold in our hands three nuclear bombs, each with a yield of about one point five kilotons. Not too big,since we like small toys. This is the detonator.”
The flashlights attached to the soldiers’ guns focused on the young woman holding the nuclear bomb. While she held the destructive power of 1.5 kilotons of TNT in her hands, she smiled brightly, as though enjoying applause and praise on a spotlit stage.
(From The Three-Body Problem)
 

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Near the start of the Crisis Era (about 20 Crisis Era), spacesuits could accelerate to 500km/h via their thrusters.
As people became used to the environment of space, they gradually adopted the habit of crossing solo. Using space suits as a sort of space bicycle with thrusters that could push them to speeds of up to five hundred kilometers per hour was the easiest means of travel within a few hundred kilometers of the space elevator. By this point, people were flying between the space elevator and the surrounding stations all the time.
The Type 2010 pistol has a muzzle velocity of 500m/s.
Now the thirty meteorites were speeding toward their targets. The Type 2010 pistol had a muzzle velocity of five hundred meters per second, so they would take around ten seconds to cross the distance, during which Zhang Beihai could only pray that his targets did not change position.
The space elevator lifts cabin has a maximum speed of 500km/h, but would still take 68 hours to reach the top (thus making it around 34,000km tall).
On the screen, the cylindrical cabin was rising from the base. It ascended quickly and accelerated rapidly, then disappeared into the evening sky. Because the guide rail was invisible, it looked like it wasascending on its own. The cabin could reach a maximum speed of five hundred kilometers per hour, but even at that speed it would take sixty eight hours to reach the space elevator’s terminus in geostationary orbit.
(From The Dark Forest)
 

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The Droplet is one of ten Trisolaran advanced probes. Even when looked at under a microscope with a zoom of 10,000,000, the surface of the droplet remains the same.
“Adjust to a hundred thousand times,” the lieutenant colonel said. Still they saw a smooth mirror.
“A million times.”
A smooth mirror.
“Ten million times.”
Macromolecules would be visible at this magnification, but what they saw on the screen remained a smooth mirror without the slightest sign of roughness, no difference in smoothness from the surrounding unmagnified surface.
“Push it up again!”
Xizi shook her head. This was the electron microscope’s highest level of magnification.
Xizi examined one of the spots with the microscope, and at a magnification of ten million times, she still saw a smooth, flawless mirror.
The droplet is composed of strong-interaction material, meaning its molecules have been 'nailed in place,' and even their own vibrations are gone.
“All we can do is guess,” he said, looking up. “The molecules in this thing are neatly arranged, like an honor guard, and they’re mutually solidifying. Do you know how solid it is? It’s as if the molecules are nailed into place. Even their own vibrations are gone.”
“That’s why it’s at absolute zero!” Xizi said. She and the other two officers understood what Ding Yi was getting at: At normal densities of matter, the separation between atomic nuclei is quite large. It would be no easier to fix them all in place than it would be to join the sun to the eight planets with rods to form a stationary truss.
“What force would allow that?”
“There’s only one option: strong interaction.”*23 Through his visor, it was obvious that Ding Yi’s forehead was covered in sweat.
*23 Translator’s Note: Strong interaction is the strongest of the four fundamental interactions, and is responsible for the strong nuclear force that binds together subatomic particles. It is roughly 100 times more powerful than electromagnetism, but is only effective at distances of less than a femtometer.
The droplet is 100 times more durable than the sturdiest material in the solar system, with all other known substances being as 'fragile as paper' compared with it. It could pass through the Earth 'like a bullet through cheese' without the slightest harm to its surface.
The droplet wasn’t fragile like a tear. Entirely the opposite: Its strength was a hundred times greater than the sturdiest material in the Solar System. All known substances were as fragile as paper by comparison. It could pass through the Earth like a bullet through cheese, without even the slightest harm to its surface.
Nothing in the Solar System is capable of damaging the droplet.
Strong-interaction material differs from ordinary matter like solid differs from liquid. The attacks on the droplet by human weapons were like waves striking a reef. Damaging it was impossible, which meant that nothing in the Solar System could destroy it. It was untouchable.
The droplet powering up generates multiple halos with temperatures close to the core of the Sun, which instantly vaporize the four members of the expedition team.
But it was too late. Powerful interference had already wiped out their communication channels. The image being transmitted from Mantis vanished, and the fleet was unable to hear the lieutenant colonel’s final call.
A blue halo emerged from the tip of the droplet’s tail. It was small at first, but very bright, and cast a blue shroud over its surroundings. Then it dramatically expanded, turning from blue to yellow and finally to red. It almost seemed as if the droplet wasn’t producing the halo, but had just
drilled out from within it. The halo weakened in luminosity as it expanded, and when it had reached a diameter twice that of the largest part of the droplet, it vanished. The instant it vanished, a second small blue halo emerged from the tip. Like the first one, it expanded, changed color, weakened, and quickly disappeared. The halos continued to emerge from the droplet’s tail at a rate of two or three a second, and under their propulsion, the droplet began to move forward, and then rapidly accelerated.
But the four members of the expedition team never saw the second halo emerge, because the first one was accompanied by ultra-high temperatures approaching that of the sun’s core, which vaporized them instantly.
The droplet melts the Mantis (the expodition ship that went to retrieve it) almost entirely.
The hull of Mantis glowed red, resembling from the outside a paper lantern whose candle had just been lit. Its metal body melted like wax, but no sooner had the ship begun to melt than it exploded, dispersing into space as an incandescent liquid with hardly any solid fragments left behind.
The droplet crosses 1500km in 51 seconds, and is able to exceed the third cosmic velocity by the first 300km. By the time it reaches the corner of the fleet, it has reached 31.7km a second.
The computer had, however, also noted the fragment’s high rate of acceleration. By three hundred kilometers it had already passed the third cosmic velocity and was continuing to gain speed. The alert was upgraded to level two, but was still ignored.
By the time the fragment had flown roughly 1,500 kilometers from the explosion site toward the corner of the formation, only fifty-one seconds had elapsed. By the time it reached the corner, it was traveling at a speed of 31.7 kilometers per second.
The droplet executes a 30 degree turn at these speeds, and doesn't slow down.
Now it was on the periphery of the formation, 160 kilometers away from Infinite Frontier, the first warship in this corner of the array. The fragment did not pass by the formation, but executed a thirty-degree turn, and, without slowing down, sped straight toward Infinite Frontier. In the roughly two seconds it took to cover that distance, the computer actually dropped its alert from level two back to level three, concluding that the fragment wasn’t actually a physical object due to the fact that its motion was impossible under aerospace mechanics. At twice the third cosmic velocity, executing a sharp turn without a drop in speed was like slamming into an iron wall. If it was a vessel containing a metal block, the change in direction would have exerted such force as to flatten that metal block into a thin film.
The droplet slams into the first ship in the fleet, the Infinite Frontier, and effortlessly passes through it, and both the heat of its kinetic energy and the droplets own immense heat melts half the ship.
In that manner, the droplet struck Infinite Frontier at twice the third cosmic velocity, at a heading straight along the first row of the fleet rectangle.
The droplet struck Infinite Frontier in its rear third and passed through with no resistance, as if penetrating a shadow. The extreme speed of the impact meant that two highly regular entry and exit holes roughly the diameter of the droplet’s thickest part appeared in its hull. But no sooner had they appeared than the holes deformed and vanished as the surrounding hull melted under the heat produced by the high-speed impact and the ultrahigh temperature of the droplet’s trailing halo. The part of the ship that had been hit turned red-hot, and the redness spread from the point of impact until it covered half the ship, like a chunk of iron that had just been taken out of the forge.
In the next three seconds, the droplet travels 90km at a speed of 30km per second, and smashes through four more ships.
After passing through Infinite Frontier, the droplet continued onward at a speed of thirty kilometers per second. In the space of three seconds it had crossed ninety kilometers, passing first through Yuanfang, Infinite Frontier’s neighbor in the first row, and then through Foghorn, Antarctica, and Ultimate, leaving their hulls red-hot, as if the warships were giant lamps lined up.
Then the Infinite Frontier explodes in a nuclear fireball, due to it's fuel being sparked (either by the incredible heat of the droplets propulsion halo or another factor), and the following explosion illuminates the entire fleet and outshines the Milky Way (locally). This all happens within the first few seconds of the droplets attack. Similar explosions then follow on the other ships that the droplet rammed
Then Infinite Frontier exploded. It and the four warships after it were hit in the fusion fuel tanks. But unlike Mantis’s conventional, high-temperature explosion, this explosion was a fusion reaction triggered in Infinite Frontier’s fuel. No one ever figured out whether the fusion reaction had been sparked by the droplet’s ultra-high-temperature propulsive halo or some other factor. The fireball of the thermonuclear explosion appeared at the point of impact with the fuel tank and swiftly expanded until it illuminated the entire fleet against the velvety background of space, outshining the Milky Way.
Nuclear fireballs then took shape on Yuanfang, Foghorn, Antarctica, and Ultimate in succession.
In the next eight seconds, the droplet passed through ten more stellar- class warships.
By this point, the expanding nuclear fireball had engulfed the entirety of Infinite Frontier and had begun to shrink, while more fireballs were lighting up and expanding on other ships that had been struck.
The droplet continues its advance, destroying more ships and leaving more nuclear fireballs behind it. In one minute and 18 seconds, it has traversed 2000km and destroyed 100 ships.
The droplet continued its advance, following a straight line through more warships and leaving a line of ten nuclear fireballs behind it. The entire fleet shone in the flames of these burning small suns as if it had been set ablaze and turned into a sea of light. Behind the line of fireballs, the melted warships continued to fling waves of hot molten metal into space, as if massive rocks were being pitched into a magma sea.
In one minute and eighteen seconds, the droplet had completed a two-thousand-kilometer course, passing through each of the hundred ships in the first row of the combined fleet’s rectangular formation.
The droplet performs another sharp turn ('15 degrees off a total reversal,' so around 165 degrees), then slams into the first ship of the second row at 30km a second.
After punching through Adam, the droplet flew a short distance of about eighty kilometers through empty space, then executed another sharp turn unexplainable by humanity’s aerospace mechanics. This time the angle it described was even smaller: just fifteen degrees off a total reversal, executed nearly instantaneously even as it maintained a constant speed. Then, after a small heading adjustment that brought it in line with the second row of warships in the fleet’s array—or what was now
the first row, in light of the recent destruction—it sped toward the first ship in that row, Ganges, at thirty kilometers per second.
The droplet is able to hide itself from the SFJC's ships scanners.
However, the computer did not provide any information about that enemy force. Only two things were certain: 1. The enemy space force was located at the position occupied by the droplet, and 2. The force was invisible to every means of detection they possessed.
The droplet continues its attack at 30km per second, each turn a sharp corner rather than a smooth curve.
Following this broken path, the droplet drilled through the ships in the third row one after the other, never dropping its speed below thirty kilometers per second.
When analysts subsequently observed the droplet’s route, they were amazed to discover that its every turn was a sharp corner, not the smooth
curve of a human spacecraft. The diabolical flight path demonstrated a space drive entirely beyond human comprehension, as if the droplet was a shadow without mass, unconcerned with the principles of dynamics, moving at will like the nib of God’s pen.
Certain observers (who'd arrived in the future via hibernation), are the first to notice that whatever it is that's destroying the combined fleet is re-accelerating back to 30km a second everytime it passes through a ship.
LI WEI: I’ve noticed something about the speed.
ZHAO XIN: What speed?
LI WEI: The speed of the small projectile. Its speed when it’s launched from each warship is slightly slower. Then it accelerates to thirty kilometers per second during flight. Then it strikes the next warship, and when it launches from that warship prior to the explosion, its speed is a little slower. Then it accelerates....
ZHAO XIN: That doesn’t mean anything....
LI WEI: What I mean is ... it’s a little like drag.
ZHAO XIN: Drag? How so?
LI WEI: Every time this projectile passes through a target, the drag slows it down.
Within 13 minutes, more than 600 warships were destroyed by the droplet. What's more, due to the sophon block, humanity did not posses the AI needed for fast-pace space warefare either.
But space battles were measured in seconds, and in that thirteen-minute span, more than six hundred warships were destroyed by the probe. Only then did humanity realize that command of a space battle was beyond their reach. And due to the sophon block, it was beyond the reach
of their artificial intelligence as well. Purely in terms of command, humanity might never have the capacity to engage in a space battle with Trisolaris.
The droplet is invisible to the SFJC ships radars.
The speed of the droplet’s strikes and its invisibility to radar meant that defensive systems on the first ships hit never responded
Due to the speed of its attack, it's invisibility to radars and the confusion of the people on board, it takes a while for the combined fleet to actually start fighting back. When they do however, the attacks are still futile. The Nelson fires several powerful lasers, but when they strike the droplet, the frequency of the laser is altered, and the resulting light is so bright it drowns out the nuclear fireballs going off around it and forces the fleet to dim their monitoring systems so as not do damage their optical components, and causes sustained blindness to anyone who looks directly at the immense of light.
The speed of the droplet’s strikes and its invisibility to radar meant that defensive systems on the first ships hit never responded. But as the distance between the warships grew and the droplet’s striking distance increased, defensive systems on all warships were recalibrated based on the droplet’s target characteristics. This meant that Nelson was the first ship to attempt to intercept, using laser weapons to increase the accuracy of firing on the small, high-speed target. When struck by the multiple beams, the droplet emitted a powerful visible light, even though the Nelson had fired gamma-ray lasers that were invisible to the naked eye. The droplet’s imperceptibility to radar had never been understood, since it had a completely reflective surface and a shape that was perfectly diffuse, but perhaps the ability to alter the frequency of reflected electromagnetic waves was the secret to this invisibility. The light emitted from the droplet when it was struck was so bright it drowned out the nuclear fireballs going off all around it, forced the monitoring systems to dim their images to avoid damage to their optical components, and caused sustained blindness to anyone who looked directly at it. In other words, this superpowerful light was indistinguishable from darkness in its effect. The droplet, wrapped in this all-engulfing light, entered Nelson and was extinguished, plunging the battlefield into pitch darkness. Moments later, the nuclear fireballs reestablished their dominance and the droplet emerged from Nelson unscathed and sped straight for Green, eighty-odd kilometers away.
The Green then opens fire with it's railguns, launching rounds that are individually comparable to bombs, and whose sustained fire can level a mountain in a short period of time. However, even though the droplets own velocity makes these impacts even greater, the droplet is completely unharmed and proceeds to ram the Green.
Green’s defense system switched over to EM-based kinetic weapons to intercept the attacking droplet. The metal shells fired by the railgun possessed enormous destructive power, and the kinetic energy inherent in their high speed meant that every shell that struck the target hit with the force of a bomb. Against ground targets, they would flatten a mountain in no time at all. The droplet’s relative velocity only added to the shells’ energy, but when they struck, the droplet slowed only slightly before it adjusted its propulsion and recovered its speed. Under a dense hail of shells, it flew straight at Green and penetrated it. Under the ultrahigh magnification microscope, the droplet’s surface would still be mirror-smooth and totally scratch-free.
As the distance between the ships begins to grow, the droplet accelerates to 60km per second, and still is able to maintain it's speed and calculations as it continues its merciless slaughter.
The merciless slaughter in space continued. As the distance between ships grew, the droplet accelerated and had soon doubled its speed to sixty kilometers per second. Exhibiting a cool and precise intelligence in its continuous attacks, it solved the traveling salesman problem in local regions with perfect accuracy, hardly ever retracing its path. With its targets in constant motion, the droplet accomplished a huge range of accurate measurements and complex calculations effortlessly and at high speed. In the course of its intensely focused massacre, it would occasionally veer off to the edges of the group of ships to quickly dispatch a few outliers and arrest the fleet’s inclination to flee in that direction.
More than a thousand warshipsships are destroyed in the span of 20 minutes.
More than a thousand ships, over half the fleet, had been destroyed in a twenty-minute attack.
The droplets speed increases to 170km a second.
The droplet’s speed was now ten times the third cosmic velocity, or roughly 170 kilometers per second.
Of the 2015 ships in the combined fleet, only two escaped, and of the 1.3 million members of the fleet, only around 60,000 survived the Doomsday Battle. Such is the massacre that the remains of the combined fleet eventually forms it's own very thin belt of metalic debris around the Sun. All of humanities space force was destroyed by a single probe, of which there were a total of ten, and even the ten of them weren't even a ten-thousanth the size of a single Trisolaran warship, which the Trisolarans have a thousand of.
The region eventually became still, and the metallic cloud lost its luster in the coldness of the cosmos and disappeared into darkness. Over the years, under the pull of the sun’s gravity, the cloud stopped its expansion and began to lengthen, ultimately forming a long strip that
turned into an extremely thin metallic belt around the sun, as if a million restless souls were floating endlessly in the cold outer reaches of the Solar System.
The destruction of the entirety of humanity’s space force was accomplished by just one Trisolaran probe, and nine like it were three years away from the Solar System. The ten of them together weren’t even one ten-thousandth the size of a single warship, and Trisolaris had a thousand of those that even now were flying onward toward the Solar System.
“If I destroy you, what business is it of yours?”
(All of the above is from The Dark Forest)
 

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Stellar hydrogen bombs (which have a yield of at least 350 megatons), proved incapable of destroying droplets.
More importantly, the hydrogen bombs could act as attack weapons. He called them “space mines,” and argued that even though stellar hydrogen bombs had proven incapable of destroying droplets, they might in the long run be useful against Trisolaran ships, because they had no evidence that the ships were also constructed out of strong-interaction material. He personally determined the orbit for every bomb’s deployment.
 

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The photoid is a superweapon used by an unknown alien race of the dark forest. It's a small (or at least relatively small) object accelerated to near lightspeeds (who's relativistic velocity is around an eight of the mass of a stars), which crashed into the star of 187J3X1 and destroyed it, and vaporized the four planets in its system (including three gas giants).
Hines and Jonathan nodded, and Hines said, “187J3X1 has been destroyed.”
“When?”
“Fifty-one years ago. It was observed a year ago, but no one was paying much attention to that star, so the observations were only discovered this afternoon. A few desperate people in the SFJC wanted to find inspiration in history, and they remembered the Wallfacer Project and your spell. So they looked at 187J3X1 and found that it wasn’t there anymore. In its place was a nebula of debris. They scanned through all observational records of the star until its destruction a year ago, then pulled all of the observational data of 187J3X1 at the time it exploded.”
“How do they know it was destroyed?”
“You’re aware that 187J3X1 was in a stable period, like the sun, so it would be impossible for it to go nova. And its destruction was observed: A body traveling close to the speed of light struck 187J3X1. The tiny object— they’re calling it a ‘photoid’—was observed the instant it passed into the periphery of the stellar atmosphere by the tracks it made. Even though it was small in volume, its near-light velocity meant that its vastly amplified relativistic mass had reached one-eighth of 187J3X1’s by the time it struck the target. It destroyed the star immediately. The star’s four planets were also vaporized in the blast.”
 

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Flying Blade is a kind of nanowire that's layered on at the molecular level.
They had made small quantities of a new, ultrastrong nanomaterial that they’d given the code name “Flying Blade.” But the samples so far were all made with molecular construction techniques—that is, using a nanoscale molecular probe to stack the molecules one by one, like laying out bricks for a wall.
To combat the ETO, they use a Flying Blade nanowire trap (with each string a 100th the thickness of a human hair) to slice the ship Judgement Day apart as is sails through the Panama canal.
“We set up two pillars on the shores of the canal, and then between them we string many parallel, thin filaments, about half a meter apart. The filaments should be made from the nanomaterial called ‘Flying Blade,’ developed by Professor Wang. A very appropriate name, in this case.”
After Shi Qiang finished speaking, he stood and waited a few seconds. Then he raised his hands, said to the stunned crowd, “That’s it,” turned, and left.
The air seemed frozen. Everyone present stayed still like stone statues. Even the droning from the computers all around them seemed more careful.
After a long while, someone timidly broke the silence, “Professor Wang, is ‘Flying Blade’ really in the form of filaments?”
Wang nodded. “Given our current molecular construction technique, the only form we can make is a filament. The thickness is about one- hundredth the thickness of human hair.... Officer Shi got this information from me before the meeting.”
Even should the hardware storing the information on the Trisolarans be cut, the slicing is so clean that they'd be able to recover most of the data.
“What if the equipment storing Trisolaran data, such as hard drives and optical disks, is also sliced?”
“That doesn’t seem likely.”
“Even if they were sliced,” a computer expert said, “it’s not a big deal. The filaments are extremely sharp, and the cut surfaces would be very smooth. Given that premise, whether it’s hard drives, optical disks, or integrated circuit storage, we could recover the vast majority of the data.”
The nanofilaments slice apart the large ship as it sails past, cutting through metal and flesh easily...
Judgment Day was below them now, passing through the deadly zither. When its prow first contacted the plane between the two steel pillars, the space that seemed empty, Wang’s scalp tightened. But nothing happened. The immense hull of the ship continued to slowly sail past the two steel pillars. When half the ship had passed, Wang began to doubt whether the nanofilaments between the steel pillars really existed.
But a small sign soon negated his doubt. He noticed a thin antenna located at the very top of the superstructure breaking at its base, and the antenna tumbling down.
Soon, there was a second sign indicating the presence of the nanofilaments, a sign that almost made Wang break down. Judgment Day’s wide deck was empty save for one man standing near the stern hosing down the ship’s bollards. From his vantage point, Wang saw everything clearly. The moment that that section of the ship passed between the pillars, the hose broke into two pieces not too far from the man, and water spilled out. The man’s body stiffened, and the nozzle tumbled from his hand. He remained standing for a few seconds, then fell. As his body contacted the deck, it came apart in two halves. The top half crawled through the expanding pool of blood, but had to use two arms that were bloody stumps. The hands had been cleanly sliced off.
The entire ship has successfully been sliced into 40 pieces, and it's remains crash into the shoreline, sending the dirt of a nearby hill flying as it's smashed into.
A thick column of smoke poured out of the hole. Judgment Day, which had been sailing along the right shore, now began to turn, dragging this smoky tail. Soon it crossed over the canal and smashed into the left shore. As Wang looked, the giant prow deformed as it collided into the slope, slicing open the hill like water, causing waves of earth to spill in all directions. At the same time, Judgment Day began to separate into more than forty slices, each slice half a meter thick. The slices near the top moved faster than the slices near the bottom, and the ship spread open like a deck of cards. As the forty-some metal slices moved past each other, the piercing noise was like countless giant fingernails scratching against glass.
(All of the above is from The Three-Body Problem)
 

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The gravitational wave antennae are each 1500m (1.5km) tall, with a diameter of 50m, and they hover about 2m off the ground.
The antenna, a horizontal cylinder a kilometer and a half long and fifty meters in diameter, was entirely suspended about two meters off the ground.
Due to the effects of the gravitational waves on the atmosphere, water vapor constantly collects above the antenna, and surrounds it in a 3kkm or 4km radius.
The density of the gravitational beam had a peculiar effect in the atmosphere: Water vapor collected above it, so that it frequently rained in the antenna’s vicinity. At times, the rain only fell within a radius of three or four kilometers, and a small, circular raincloud would hang in the air above the antenna like a giant flying saucer, leaving the brilliant sunshine in the surrounding area visible through the rain.
Although the gravitational-wave antannae built in North America and Europe float via magnetic levitation, the antenna in China floats using antigravity, and can even be raised into space.
The first two gravitational-wave systems were built in Europe and North America, and employed magnetic levitation that suspended them a few centimeters from the base. But this antenna used antigravity, and could have been raised up into space if so desired.
(From The Dark Forest)
 

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At maximum speed, the droplets can reach an incredible 25,000km a second, and can cross 15,000,000km in 10 minutes.
Incoming strong-interaction space probes detected.
Total number: 6.
One is headed toward the L1 Lagrangian point between the Earth and the Sun. The other 5 are headed for the Earth in a 1-2-2 formation.
Speed: 25,000 km/s. Estimated arrival time at the surface: 10 minutes.
At maximum speed, a droplet could cross fifteen million kilometers in ten minutes.
This was all the time the Swordholder would have to make a decision if dark forest deterrence broke down.
The droplets had been hiding just outside the 15,000,000km advance warning zone, either by solar interference or disguising themselves as orbiting space trash.
Later, Earth would learn that the six droplets had been hiding just outside the fifteen-million-kilometer advance-warning zone. Three of them had relied on solar interference from the Sun to avoid detection, and the other three had disguised themselves in the orbiting space trash scattered in this region. Most of the space trash consisted of spent fuel from the early fusion reactors. Even without these measures, it would have been nearly impossible for the Earth to discover them outside the advance-warning zone because people had always assumed that the droplets were hiding in the asteroid belt, farther away.
The thunderclap that Luo Ji had been waiting for for half a century arrived within five minutes of his departure, and struck Cheng Xin.
The droplets decelerate as they approach Earth. However, they still move at enough speeds to effortlessly break through the planets crusts and destroy all gravitational-wave antennae.
A great jolt tumbled her to the ground: The droplets had penetrated the crust. She felt as though the solid rocks around her had vanished, and the Deterrence Center was on top of a giant drumhead. She closed her eyes and imagined the sight of a droplet passing through the crust like a fish swimming through water, waiting for the arrival at cosmic velocity of the perfectly smooth devil that would turn her and everything around her into molten lava.
But the quaking stopped after a few violent beats, like a drummer punctuating the end of the piece.
The red light on the screen faded, replaced by the white background from before. The room seemed brighter and more open. A few lines of black text appeared:

North American gravitational wave transmitter destroyed. European gravitational wave transmitter destroyed.
Asian gravitational wave transmitter destroyed.
Solar radio-amplification function suppressed on all bands.

Silence once again reigned over everything, except the faint sound of water trickling somewhere. A pipe had burst during the quake.
The gravitational-wave antenna was 20km from Cheng Xin's location.
Cheng Xin understood that the droplet attack on the Asian gravitational wave transmitter had caused the earthquake. That antenna was about twenty kilometers from here and was also deeply buried.
A distant mushroom cloud reveals where the droplet penetrated the Earth's crusts.
She turned around and saw the mushroom cloud on the horizon. Formed by the earth and dust thrown up from deep underground, it was very thick, appearing almost solid. It looked so out of place in the serene scene that it resembled a bad Photoshop job. A closer examination led Cheng Xin to imagine it as an ugly bust showing a strange expression in the setting sun. That was where the droplet had penetrated the Earth.
At first, others onlooking believe the droplet attack to be a volcanic eruption.
“I’ve brought some flowers for your new place,” she said, pointing at her parked car. Then she turned to the mushroom cloud. “Is that a volcano? Did that cause the earthquake just now?”
To the onlookers, it would appear that the 'volcano' erupted twice, but in reality, this is because the droplet moved through there at super high speeds twice; the first time to crash through the crust and destroy the gravitational wave antenna, the second to return into space. All of this happened so fast that the onlookers couldn't even see the droplet, so they mistook it for a volcanic eruption.
The flying cars hovered barely above the ground and headed to the mushroom cloud at a low speed. AA asked the driver what was wrong, but he didn’t know. The volcano had erupted twice, a few minutes apart. He thought it might be the first time in recorded history that a volcano had erupted within China’s borders.
He couldn’t have imagined that the “volcano” had once hidden the strategic fulcrum for the world: the gravitational wave antenna. The first eruption was caused by the impact of the droplet penetrating the crust. After destroying the antenna, it retraced its path and emerged from the ground, causing a second eruption. The eruptions were due to the droplet releasing its tremendous kinetic energy in the ground, not an outburst of material from the mantle, so they were very brief. The extremely high velocity of the droplet meant that it could not be observed by the naked eye as it penetrated or emerged from the ground.
Nether the less, the eruption still ejects lots of lava and large rocks to rain down on the nearby landscape.
Small smoking pits dotted the Gobi as it passed beneath the car: mini- impact craters from the lava and heated rocks that had been thrown up by the eruption.
The resulting earthquakes also destroyed several old buildings.
Though few people lived out here they occasionally saw old buildings collapsed by the quake. The whole scene resembled a battlefield where the fighting had just finished.
(All of the above is from Death's End)
 

Stocking Anarchy

Marvelous
V.I.P. Member
In the Deterance Era, humanity possesses guns that can make someones arm explode.
Wade pulled the trigger again. Finally, the passage of nearly three centuries caught up with the gun, and it made no sound. Wade racked the slide to clear the dud out of the chamber. Once again, he pointed the gun at Cheng Xin.
His right arm exploded. A puff of white smoke rose into the air, and Wade’s right forearm was gone. Burnt bits of bone and flesh splattered into the green leaves around him, but the gun, undamaged, fell to the foot of the building. Wade didn’t move. He took a look at the stump of his right arm and then looked up. A police car was diving toward him.
(From Death's End)
 

Stocking Anarchy

Marvelous
V.I.P. Member
In the Broadcast Era, humanity have mini-hydrogen bombs that posses a yield of 5 kilotons.
“This is a miniature hydrogen bomb. Under the old measurement system you’re familiar with, its yield is about five kilotons. If... it really has to happen, everything will end in a flash. You will not feel it.”
 

Stocking Anarchy

Marvelous
V.I.P. Member
Sophon (with a capital S) is the avatar of the sophons, who takes the form of a robot in the shape of a beautiful Japanese woman.
Cheng Xin understood that AA wasn’t referring to the subatomic particles endowed with intelligence sent by Trisolaris, but to a woman, a robot woman developed by the most advanced human AI and bionics technology. She was controlled by the sophons and acted as the Trisolaran ambassador to Earth. Her appearance facilitated a more natural interchange between the two worlds than having sophons manifest themselves by unfolding in lower dimensions.
Sophon moves her blade at speeds faster than an electric fan (and easliy brushes aside a rock).
AA’s eyes burned with fury as she stared at Sophon; she picked up a rock from the ground with both hands and smashed the back of Sophon’s skull with it. But Sophon turned around and brushed the rock away like a mosquito. AA cursed at Sophon using every profane word she could think of, and went for another rock. Sophon unsheathed the katana on her back, easily pushing off the pleading Cheng Xin with her other hand, and twirled the katana. It sliced through the air, faster than the blades of an electric fan, whining loudly. When she stopped, strands of AA’s hair drifted down around her head.
Sophon moves faster than the eye can see, quickly slicing apart three men, and in a short timeframe after that killing over a dozen more.
Sophon unsheathed her katana. Moving faster than the eye could see, she swung it three times and sliced three of the men climbing up the pile into six pieces. The three killing strokes were exactly the same: beginning at the left shoulder and ending at the right hip. The six pieces fell, and the viscera spilled out midair to land with a shower of blood among the rest of the people. Amidst screams of terror, she leapt from the pile and landed with her sword swinging, quickly killing more than a dozen individuals around her.
 
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