The time stop duration of The World extended from about 5 seconds to 9 seconds with Joseph’s blood. Even after Jotaro fully matured, Star Platinum’s time stop maxes out at about 5 seconds, so there’s a big difference in how long they can stop time.
Star Platinum was explained in Part 6 to move faster than the speed of light, making everything around it appear slower—that’s the principle behind its time stop. But in DIO’s case, the exact principle isn’t explained, so the detailed difference in ability isn’t really known.
Some people theorize that while Jotaro stops time by accelerating himself (Star Platinum) to light speed, DIO is the opposite—he slows down the world around him and stops time by contrast. (Like achieving time stop by canceling out movement.)
However, there’s no official setting or confirmation for this, so it’s likely just fan speculation and shouldn’t be taken as canon.